Seville Train Station
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Seville
(Spanish: Sevilla,) is the artistic, cultural, and financial
capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of Andalusia
and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the
plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation
of 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. The inhabitants
of the city are known as Sevillanos (feminine form:
Sevillanas) or Hispalenses. The population of the city
of Seville was 704,414 as of 2009 (INE estimate). The
population of the metropolitan area (urban area plus
satellite towns) was 1,450,214 as of 2009 (INE estimate),
ranking as the fourth largest metropolitan area of Spain.
Seville
is more than 2,000 years old. The passage of the various
people instrumental in its growth has left the city
with a distinct personality, and a large and well-preserved
historical centre.
The
city was known from Roman times as Hispalis. The nearby
Roman city of Italica is well-preserved and gives an
impression of how Hispalis may have looked in the later
Roman period. Existing Roman features in Seville include
the remnants of an aqueduct.
After
successive conquests of the Roman province of Hispania
Baetica by the Vandals and Visigoths, in the 5th and
6th centuries, the city was taken by the Moors in 712
and renamed Išbiliya, from which the present name
"Sevilla" is derived. It was an important
centre in Muslim Andalusia and it remained under Muslim
control, under the authority of the Umayyad, Almoravid
and Almohad dynasties, until falling to Fernando III
in 1248. The city retains many Moorish features, including
large sections of the city wall.
Following
the Reconquest, the city's development continued, with
the construction of public buildings including churches,
many in Mudéjar style. Later, the city experienced
another golden age of development brought about by wealth
accumulating from the awarding of a monopoly of trade
with the Spanish territories in the New World (See Winds
in the Age of Sail). After the silting up of the Guadalquivir,
the city went into relative economic decline.
The
Great Plague of Seville in 1649 reduced the population
by almost half, and it would not recover until the early
1800s.
Seville's
development in the 19th and 20th centuries was characterised
by population growth and increasing industrialisation.
Seville
fell very quickly to General Franco's troops near the
beginning of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 due to its
proximity to the invasion force coming from Morocco.
After the initial takeover of the city, resistance continued
amongst the working class areas for some time, until
a series of fierce reprisals took place.
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